What is perovskite?
Perovskites are a group of materials with the same structure that have many interesting qualities, such as superconductivity, magnetoresistance, and more. People think that these materials are the future of solar panels because they are easy to make and have a unique structure that makes them great for low-cost, efficient photovoltaics.
What is perovskite solar cells?
A perovskite solar cell is a type of solar cell that includes a perovskite-structured compound.
Perovskite is a material with the same crystal structure as the mineral perovskite solar cells, the earliest discovered perovskite solar cells crystal. Typically, chalcocite compounds have the chemical formula ABX 3, where “A” and “B” stand for cations and X is the anion to which they are bonded, and a large number of different elements can be combined to form a chalcocite structure.
Using the flexibility of this composition, scientists can design perovskite solar cells crystals to have a wide range of physical, optical and electrical properties.
The efficiency of single-junction perovskite solar cells is breaking records every year:
In 2009, they achieved a power conversion efficiency of only 3.8%, and since 2016, the record for perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells has been higher than that of single-junction solar cells. A record for junction perovskite solar cells. junctional cells. Since 2018, researchers at Oxford Photonics and the Helmholtz Center Berlin have alternately broken records for power conversion efficiency. In 2021, the Helmholtz Center Berlin achieved its best efficiency to date: 29.8%.
Perovskite solar cells VS Crystalline silicon solar cells
- Higher efficiency. This is an outstanding feature of the technology. A recorded efficiency of 29.15% has been achieved so far, close to 30%, which is 3.75% higher than the highest efficiency recorded for crystalline silicon Al-BSF technology. This demonstrates the enormous potential of chalcogenide solar panels.
- Less attenuation. Crystalline silicon solar panels have a temperature coefficient of roughly -0.38%/°C, but Perovskite solar cells have only -0.13%/°C. This results in a longer decay period.
- Easier to produce.Perovskite solar cells can be made completely in solution. This means that they can be made using large-scale methods like slot-die finishing and ink jet printing. This could mean that they are easy to change for mass production.
Disadvantages of perovskite solar cells
- Cost. Mostly because gold is the most common electrode material used in them right now. Another problem is that cheaper perovskite solar cells don’t last as long. Perovskite PVs also break down quickly when they are exposed to water, and the products of the breakdown attack metal electrodes. To protect perovskite, heavy coating can also add to the cost of the cell.
- Poisonous.One of the things that perovskite breaks down into is a substance called PbI, which is poisonous, and there are worries that it might cause cancer. Also, a lot of perovskite cells use lead, which is a very dirty substance.
Lifespan. Crystalline silicon solar cell technology is a mature technology with a lifespan of up to 30 years, whereas chalcogenide solar panels last only 30 months in the best case scenario, which makes them impractical for most practical applications.
Commercialization of perovskite solar cells
Calcium-titanium-mineral batteries have been in the spotlight on the road to commercialization, even though they have never been applied on a large scale. With Oxford PV’s top-tier partnership with Meyerberger and the landing of GCL Nano’s 100MW production line, perovskite solar cells photovoltaic products have already been on sale.
As the most imaginative and vitality of the next generation of new solar cell technology, the State Power Investment Corporation (SIPC), Huaneng Group, LONGi, Trina Solar, Zhonglai Photovoltaic, Aixu Science and Technology, Savi Group, Shengcheng Photovoltaic and other companies have indicated that they are tracking closely the trend of silicon-based chalcocite stacked battery technology and making launching plans.
Data show that when the production capacity of perovskite solar cells module reaches 1GW, its cost is expected to drop to less than €0.1 per watt. At that time, the economic perovskite solar cells superimposed on HJT, TOPCon and CIGS and other technologies will drive the photovoltaic industry, a new round of technological upgrading, product iteration and application innovation, and vigorously promote PV parity Internet access and clean energy substitution.
At present, the commercialization process of perovskite solar cells photovoltaic technology is about to start, and it is of positive and profound milestone significance to discuss the technology and industrialization related to perovskite solar cells and stacked solar cells (modules), and to take practical actions to crack the major propositions to promote the development of the industry.
Reference：
Manser, Joseph S.; Christians, Jeffrey A.; Kamat, Prashant V. (2016). “Intriguing Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Halide Perovskites”. Chemical Reviews. 116 (21): 12956–13008. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00136. PMID 27327168
Mag, S. (2022) “Perovskite Solar Cells: An In-Depth Guide + Comparisons with other techs,” Solar Magazine .
What are Perovskite Solar Cells? (no date)
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