How to Calculate the Minimum Distance Between PV Panels?

Calculation:
Module Row Spacing = Height Difference / Tan(17°) = 10 / Tan(17°) ≈ 32.7 inches
Rounded, the Module Row Spacing is 33 inches.

3. Consider Azimuth Angle Correction
   Next, consider the azimuth angle and apply a correction to calculate the minimum module row spacing. Assume the azimuth angle correction is 44°.

Calculation:
Minimum Module Row Spacing = Module Row Spacing × Cos(44°) = 33 × Cos(44°) ≈ 23.7 inches
Rounded, the Minimum Module Row Spacing is 24 inches. This means that in some cases, you can increase the spacing between rows, which may result in significant space savings, potentially increasing the system size by up to 27% in tight rooftop or large commercial systems.

4. Calculate the Row Width
   The final calculation helps you more easily set up the array in CAD layouts. This calculation determines the distance from the trailing edge of one row to the trailing edge of the next row, i.e., the row width.

Calculation:
Row Width = Minimum Module Row Spacing + Cos(Inclination Angle) × Module Width
= 24 + Cos(15°) × 39.41 ≈ 62 inches

By following these calculation steps, you can effectively determine the optimal row spacing between solar panels, thereby optimizing system layout and space utilization. These calculations will not only help you make more informed decisions during the design phase but also enhance the overall efficiency of the system.

Relevant Laws and Regulations for Solar Panel Boundary Distances

When installing solar panel systems, it is crucial not only to consider the spacing between panels and installation angles but also to comply with local government and regulatory requirements concerning the distance between solar panels and property boundaries.

1. Italy

In Italy, the distance between solar panels and property boundaries is regulated by the Civil Code, particularly Article 889. This law mandates that solar panels must be installed at least two meters away from property boundaries. Additionally, local regulations may vary by region or province, so it is essential to check local laws before installation.

For ground-mounted solar systems, Legislative Decree (DL 17/2022) further specifies suitable areas for such installations. For example, ground-mounted systems can be installed in agricultural areas within 300 meters of industrial, commercial, and quarry zones, as well as within 150 meters of highways. Distance requirements for solar panels from boundaries include:

• A minimum distance of 3 meters between adjacent buildings.
• A minimum distance of 10 meters between opposing building walls and windows (according to Ministerial Decree No. 1444/1968).
• Any necessary pipes must be at least one meter away from the boundary.

2. France

In France, the installation of solar panels is subject to national regulations and local urban planning codes (PLU – Plan Local d’Urbanisme). Specific regulations and distance requirements include:

• Building Permits: Typically, rooftop solar systems do not require a building permit. However, if the system is installed in a protected area (e.g., near historical buildings) or alters the building’s appearance, a permit is required.
• Neighbor Distance: National regulations do not set a uniform distance requirement for solar panels from neighboring properties; this is generally determined by local building codes. It is usually recommended to maintain at least a 3-meter distance to avoid potential shading issues and neighborhood disputes.
• Height Restrictions: In some cases, solar panels installed on rooftops must not exceed 30 centimeters above the roof height. Specific rules vary by local building codes.
• Environmental Impact Assessment: For larger solar projects, especially ground-mounted systems, an environmental impact assessment may be required, along with environmental permits.

3. Germany

In Germany, solar panel installations are regulated by the Federal Building Code (BauGB) as well as state-specific building regulations and the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG). The main distance requirements include:

• Neighbor Distance: According to the Federal Building Code, solar systems on buildings generally do not require special permits but must ensure that the distance between solar panels and neighboring buildings does not cause adverse effects (such as shading issues). Recommended distances generally range from 1.5 to 3 meters, with specific requirements varying by local building codes.
• Building Permits: Rooftop solar systems typically do not need special building permits, but ground-mounted systems may require permits depending on project size and location.
• Height Restrictions: Local building codes specify that the height of solar panels must not exceed a certain range, especially for rooftop installations, generally not more than 30 to 50 centimeters above the roof height.
• Local Regulations: States may have their own rules. For instance, Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg have stricter regulations for solar system installations, sometimes requiring special permits in certain situations.

Conclusion

Ensuring the minimum installation distance between solar panels is a crucial step in system design, directly affecting energy efficiency, heat dissipation, and maintenance convenience. Proper spacing design can optimize light absorption and ventilation, reduce shading effects, and minimize potential structural damage risks. Additionally, adhering to local laws and regulations is essential for ensuring the legality and compliance of the system. Therefore, when planning a solar system, it is vital to consider environmental factors, system layout, and local regulations to ensure optimal performance and long-term stability.

Since 2008, Maysun Solar has been dedicated to producing high-quality photovoltaic modules. Our range of solar panels, including IBC, HJT, TOPCon panels, and balcony solar stations, are manufactured using advanced technology and offer excellent performance and guaranteed quality. Maysun Solar has successfully established offices and warehouses in many countries and built long-term partnerships with top installers! For the latest quotes on solar panels or any photovoltaic-related inquiries, please contact us. We are committed to serving you, and our products provide reliable assurance.