Can solar panels be installed vertically?

Comparison of Vertical Solar Panels and Rooftop Panels

Pros:

Space Optimization
Vertical solar panels effectively utilize typically unused wall surfaces, making them ideal for buildings unsuitable for rooftop installations. They transform available vertical areas into energy production zones, particularly advantageous in densely populated urban settings, aiding buildings in effectively self-supplying green energy.

Strong Adaptability
Vertical solar panels are well-suited for use in complex environments, especially in urban areas or buildings with suboptimal rooftop structures. They can be flexibly installed on walls facing all four directions to maximize sunlight exposure, offering a level of versatility that traditional solar panels cannot achieve.

Durability and Ease of Maintenance
Due to their 90° installation angle, vertical panels are less prone to accumulating dust, leaves, and dirt, reducing the frequency of routine maintenance. Additionally, vertical installation helps avoid common waterproofing issues found on rooftops, extending system lifespan and lowering maintenance costs.

Seasonal Optimization
Vertical solar panels excel in winter when the sun’s angle is lower, providing higher energy output. Their production is more balanced throughout the year, aligning with peak electricity demand periods (such as early mornings and evenings), thus preventing grid overload.

Cons

Lower Efficiency
The light-capturing efficiency of vertical solar panels is lower than that of traditionally roof-mounted panels, generating only about 70% of the energy output of the latter over the course of a year. This is primarily due to the panels’ orientation and tilt, which limit their effective use of direct sunlight.

Higher Installation Costs
The complexity of vertical installation increases initial installation costs. The need for specialized equipment and skilled professionals raises installation expenses compared to traditional rooftop systems.

Aesthetic and Planning Restrictions
The appearance of vertical panels may not harmonize with certain architectural styles, and they must comply with local urban planning regulations (PLU). Securing the necessary permits before installation is essential, which differs from the requirements for rooftop installations.

Thermal Management Issues
Vertical panels may experience overheating due to reduced air circulation on walls, negatively impacting their efficiency. High temperatures typically decrease photovoltaic module performance, necessitating special attention to this potential efficiency loss.

Return on Investment and Payback Period for Vertical Solar Panels

The payback period for vertical solar panels is generally longer than for traditional rooftop installations, typically around 8 to 10 years. In contrast, the average payback period for rooftop photovoltaic systems is about 5 to 6 years. This extended payback period is due to the slightly lower energy output of vertical panels, especially when installed in suboptimal orientations or locations with windows and doors that limit available space. However, vertical photovoltaic systems can still provide substantial energy production for buildings, particularly in densely populated urban areas or where rooftop space is limited.

While vertical solar panels may not match the output of panels installed at ideal angles (such as 35 degrees), they offer a more consistent energy yield throughout the year and can serve as a facade covering, reducing the cost of other building materials. This dual functionality can further shorten the payback period. By the time the panels reach a lifespan of 25 years, the system typically recoups its costs within 10 years, resulting in a favorable return on investment and making it a reliable choice for promoting the application of sustainable energy across various environments.

Frequently Asked Questions About Installing Vertical Solar Panels

Why Use Vertical Installation?
The design of vertical solar panels is particularly suited for densely populated urban areas with limited space or unfavorable rooftop conditions, as well as mountainous regions where snow accumulates in winter. In these settings, traditional rooftop installations may be constrained, while vertical installations can fully utilize building facades and other vertical surfaces, optimizing space and energy generation efficiency.

What Scenarios Are Suitable for Vertical Installation?

• Exterior walls of residential buildings, balconies, and surrounding walls
• Facades of office buildings and public structures
• Agricultural photovoltaic projects
• Garden fences or courtyard areas